41 Arctic Animals with Facts & Pictures
The Arctic’s harsh, frozen landscape might seem uninhabitable, but it’s home to many resilient creatures.
Many people don’t realize how diverse and interesting Arctic wildlife can be. I’ve spent years studying these amazing animals and am excited to share my knowledge with you.
In this blog post, I’ll introduce you to over 41 Arctic animals with interesting facts and pictures.
You’ll discover how these creatures have adapted to survive in one of the world’s toughest environments.
Get ready to dive into the surprising world of Arctic wildlife!
The Most Iconic List of Arctic Animals
The Arctic is full of unique and wonderful creatures, from the majestic polar bear to the elusive narwhal.
In this blog post, I’ll take you on a virtual tour of the Arctic’s most iconic animals.
1. Polar Bear
Polar bears are the largest land carnivores, known for their thick white fur and powerful build. They are strong swimmers and often travel long distances in search of food.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Height | 8 to 10 feet (2.4 to 3 meters) standing on hind legs |
| Weight | 900 to 1,600 pounds (410 to 725 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic Circle |
| Scientific Name | Ursus maritimus |
| Place of Origin | Arctic Region |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, primarily seals |
| What Sound They Make | Growl, roar, and snort |
Fun Facts
- Polar bears have black skin underneath their white fur to absorb heat from the sun.
- They can swim for days without rest, covering distances up to 60 miles (97 km).
- A polar bear’s sense of smell is so keen that it can detect a seal nearly a mile away.
2. Arctic Fox
Arctic foxes are small, adaptable mammals known for their thick fur, which changes color with the seasons—white in winter and brown or gray in summer.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Height | 9.8 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm) |
| Weight | 6.5 to 21 pounds (3 to 9.5 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic tundra |
| Scientific Name | Vulpes lagopus |
| Place of Origin | Arctic Circle |
| Feeding Habits | Omnivorous, eating small mammals, birds, and carrion |
| What Sound They Make | Bark, scream, yip |
Fun Facts
- Arctic foxes have a high-pitched bark to communicate with others.
- Their fur changes with the seasons to provide camouflage against snow and rocks.
- They can survive temperatures as low as -58°F (-50°C) without shivering.
3. Snowy Owl
Snowy owls are large, white birds with striking yellow eyes and feathered feet, adapted to life in the cold Arctic regions.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 4.5 to 5.5 feet (137 to 168 cm) |
| Weight | 3.5 to 6.6 pounds (1.6 to 3 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic tundra |
| Scientific Name | Bubo scandiacus |
| Place of Origin | Arctic regions |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, mainly lemmings and other small mammals |
| What Sound They Make | Hoot, bark, and scream |
Fun Facts
- Snowy owls are one of the heaviest owl species in North America.
- They have excellent hearing and vision, allowing them to hunt in low-light conditions.
- Unlike most owls, they are active during the day, especially in the continuous daylight of the Arctic summer.
4. Walrus
Walruses are large, friendly marine mammals recognizable by their long tusks, whiskered faces, and blubbery bodies.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Height | 7.25 to 11.5 feet (2.2 to 3.5 meters) |
| Weight | 1,764 to 3,748 pounds (800 to 1,700 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic Ocean and Subarctic Seas |
| Scientific Name | Odobenus rosmarus |
| Place of Origin | Arctic region |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, primarily mollusks |
| What Sound They Make | Grunts, bellows, and whistles |
Fun Facts
- Walrus tusks can grow up to 3 feet (1 meter) long and are used for fighting, dominance displays, and climbing out of the water.
- They have a layer of fat, known as blubber, which helps them stay warm in freezing waters.
- While diving, walruses can slow their heart rates to withstand the cold and reduce their oxygen needs.
5. Arctic Tern
Arctic terns are small, migratory birds famous for their long migrations. They travel from the Arctic to the Antarctic each year.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 25 to 30 inches (64 to 76 cm) |
| Weight | 3.2 to 4.2 ounces (90 to 120 grams) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic and subarctic regions |
| Scientific Name | Sterna paradisaea |
| Place of Origin | Arctic regions |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, mainly fish and small invertebrates |
| What Sound They Make | Shrill calls and screams |
Fun Facts
- Arctic terns have the longest migration of any bird species, covering up to 44,000 miles (70,000 km) annually.
- They see more daylight than any other creature on Earth due to their migration between the poles.
- Arctic terns can live up to 30 years.
6. Narwhal
Narwhals are medium-sized toothed whales known for the long, spiral tusk protruding from males’ heads.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 13 to 18 feet (4 to 5.5 meters) |
| Weight | 1,760 to 3,530 pounds (800 to 1,600 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic waters around Greenland, Canada, and Russia |
| Scientific Name | Monodon monoceros |
| Place of Origin | Arctic region |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, primarily fish and squid |
| What Sound They Make | Clicks, whistles, and knocks |
Fun Facts
- Narwhal tusks can grow up to 10 feet (3 meters) long and have elongated teeth.
- They use echolocation to navigate and find food in the dark Arctic waters.
- Narwhals can dive to depths of over 5,000 feet (1,524 meters) in search of food.
7. Arctic Wolf
The Arctic wolf is a subspecies of the gray wolf, adapted to the harsh environments of the Arctic.
It is known for its thick white fur, which helps it blend in with the snowy landscape, and its ability to survive in one of the coldest places on Earth.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Height | 25 to 31 inches (63 to 79 cm) at the shoulder |
| Weight | 70 to 175 pounds (32 to 80 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic regions of North America and Greenland |
| Scientific Name | Canis lupus arctos |
| Place of Origin | Arctic Circle |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, primarily caribou and muskoxen |
| What Sound They Make | Howl, growl, and bark |
Fun Facts
- Arctic wolves can endure months of darkness during the winter season.
- They rarely interact with humans due to the remoteness of their habitat.
- Arctic wolves are known to live in smaller packs than other wolf species, often consisting of just a family unit.
8. Beluga Whale
Beluga whales are small, white cetaceans known for their expressive faces and social behavior.
Their white coloration helps them blend into the icy waters of the Arctic, where they are often found in large vocal groups.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 13 to 20 feet (4 to 6 meters) |
| Weight | 1,100 to 2,500 pounds (500 to 1,140 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic and subarctic waters |
| Scientific Name | Delphinapterus leucas |
| Place of Origin | Arctic region |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, mainly fish, crustaceans, and worms |
| What Sound They Make | Whistles, clicks, and chirps |
Fun Facts
- Belugas are known as the “canaries of the sea” because of their wide range of vocalizations.
- They can swim backward, an unusual ability among whales.
- Belugas have flexible necks, allowing them to turn their heads in all directions.
9. Caribou
Caribou, also known as reindeer in Europe, are large, migratory mammals well-adapted to cold climates.
They are famous for their massive migrations across the tundra, covering thousands of miles yearly.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Height | 33 to 59 inches (85 to 150 cm) at the shoulder |
| Weight | 180 to 700 pounds (82 to 318 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic and subarctic regions of North America, Europe, and Asia |
| Scientific Name | Rangifer tarandus |
| Place of Origin | Northern Hemisphere |
| Feeding Habits | Herbivorous, primarily lichen, and grasses |
| What Sound They Make | Grunt and snort |
Fun Facts
- Both male and female caribou grow antlers, which is rare among deer species.
- Caribou have large, concave hooves that act as snowshoes, helping them walk on snow and dig for food.
- Their eyes change color with the seasons—from gold in summer to blue in winter—to adapt to varying light levels.
10. Puffin
Puffins are small seabirds known for their colorful beaks and unique appearance.
They are excellent swimmers, using their wings to “fly” underwater to pursue fish, their primary food source.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Height | 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm) |
| Weight | 13 to 17 ounces (370 to 500 grams) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic coasts and islands |
| Scientific Name | Fratercula arctica |
| Place of Origin | North Atlantic |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, mainly fish |
| What Sound They Make | Growl and purr |
Fun Facts
- Puffins can dive up to 200 feet (60 meters) underwater to catch fish.
- Their bright beak colors fade after the breeding season, turning duller in winter.
- Puffins are often called “sea parrots” because of their colorful appearance.
11. Arctic Char
Arctic char is a cold-water fish related to salmon and trout, found in Arctic and subarctic lakes and coastal waters.
It is well-adapted to the freezing temperatures of the Arctic, thriving in some of the coldest waters on Earth.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 20 to 32 inches (50 to 80 cm) |
| Weight | 5 to 15 pounds (2.3 to 6.8 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic and subarctic lakes and rivers |
| Scientific Name | Salvelinus alpinus |
| Place of Origin | Arctic and subarctic regions |
| Feeding Habits | Omnivorous, feeding on small fish, insects, and zooplankton |
| What Sound They Make | None (silent species) |
Fun Facts
- Arctic char can live in both freshwater and saltwater environments, often migrating between the two.
- They have a slow growth rate, with some individuals living up to 25 years.
- Arctic char are known for their beautiful coloration, with bright red or orange bellies during spawning season.
12. Gyrfalcon
The gyrfalcon is the largest of all falcon species, known for its powerful build and hunting prowess.
It is found primarily in the Arctic and is a highly skilled predator, often hunting in the air or on the ground.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 43 to 51 inches (110 to 130 cm) |
| Weight | 2.6 to 4.6 pounds (1.2 to 2.1 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic regions of North America, Europe, and Asia |
| Scientific Name | Falco rusticolus |
| Place of Origin | Arctic Circle |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, mainly birds and small mammals |
| What Sound They Make | Cackles and screeches |
Fun Facts
- Falconers highly prize gyrfalcons due to their speed and hunting ability.
- They are known to hunt in pairs, which is unusual among raptors.
- Depending on their location, gyrfalcons have varied plumage, ranging from pure white to dark gray.
13. Ringed Seal
Ringed seals are small pinnipeds known for the distinctive ring-like patterns on their fur.
They are one of the most common seals in the Arctic, relying on sea ice for breeding and resting.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 3.3 to 5 feet (1 to 1.5 meters) |
| Weight | 110 to 150 pounds (50 to 70 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas |
| Scientific Name | Pusa hispida |
| Place of Origin | Arctic region |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, primarily fish and invertebrates |
| What Sound They Make | Growls, barks, and clicks |
Fun Facts
- Ringed seals can create breathing holes in the ice by clawing with their strong front flippers.
- They are solitary animals, usually only coming together during the breeding season.
- Ringed seals are polar bears’ primary prey, making them a crucial part of the Arctic food web.
14. Bowhead Whale
The bowhead whale is a massive, slow-moving baleen whale known for its enormous head, which makes up about a third of its body length.
It is well-adapted to life in the icy waters of the Arctic, with a thick layer of blubber to keep it warm.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 45 to 60 feet (13.7 to 18.3 meters) |
| Weight | 75 to 100 tons (68,000 to 90,700 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic and subarctic waters |
| Scientific Name | Balaena mysticetus |
| Place of Origin | Arctic region |
| Feeding Habits | Filter feeders, primarily plankton and small fish |
| What Sound They Make | Songs, clicks, and moans |
Fun Facts
- Bowhead whales can live over 200 years, making them one of the longest-living mammals.
- They have the thickest blubber of any whale species, sometimes up to 20 inches (50 cm) thick.
- Bowhead whales can break through ice up to 7 inches (18 cm) thick using their massive heads.
15. Arctic Hare
The Arctic hare is a species of hare found in the polar regions of the Arctic, and it is adapted to living in cold environments.
It is known for its thick white fur in winter, which helps it blend in with the snow and avoid predators.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 19 to 26 inches (48 to 66 cm) |
| Weight | 6 to 15 pounds (2.7 to 7 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic tundra |
| Scientific Name | Lepus arcticus |
| Place of Origin | Arctic regions of North America and Greenland |
| Feeding Habits | Herbivorous, primarily woody plants, mosses, and lichens |
| What Sound They Make | Thumping and clicking noises |
Fun Facts
- Arctic hares can run up to 40 miles per hour (64 km/h) to escape predators.
- They often gather in groups to stay warm and increase their chances of spotting predators.
- In summer, their fur becomes blue-gray to blend with the rocky tundra.
16. Greenland Shark
The Greenland shark is a large, slow-moving shark found in the cold waters of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans.
It is known for its long lifespan, with some individuals estimated to live up to 400 years.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 16 to 23 feet (5 to 7 meters) |
| Weight | 2,200 to 2,600 pounds (1,000 to 1,200 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans |
| Scientific Name | Somniosus microcephalus |
| Place of Origin | North Atlantic and Arctic regions |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, feeding on fish and marine mammals |
| What Sound They Make | Silent species |
Fun Facts
- The Greenland shark is one of the longest-living vertebrates, with lifespans reaching up to 400 years.
- They have toxic flesh, which must be processed before humans can safely eat it.
- Greenland sharks are known to swim at extremely slow speeds, earning them the nickname “sleeper sharks.”
17. Snow Flea
Snow fleas are tiny, wingless insects that belong to the springtail family. Despite their name, they are not true fleas but are so named because they can be seen hopping on snow during the winter.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 1/16 to 1/8 inch (1.5 to 3 mm) |
| Weight | Extremely light (not typically measured) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic and subarctic forests |
| Scientific Name | Hypogastrura nivicola |
| Place of Origin | Northern Hemisphere |
| Feeding Habits | Detritivorous, feeding on decaying organic matter |
| What Sound They Make | Silent species |
Fun Facts
- Snow fleas have a natural antifreeze protein in their bodies that allows them to survive subzero temperatures.
- They can jump up to 100 times their body length using a specialized structure called a furcula.
- Snow fleas play an important role in breaking down organic matter, contributing to soil health in cold climates.
18. Arctic Bumblebee
The Arctic bumblebee is a species found in the extreme northern regions, including the Arctic tundra.
It is adapted to cold temperatures with dense, insulating fur and a high metabolic rate.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 0.6 to 0.8 inches (1.5 to 2 cm) |
| Weight | 0.02 to 0.04 ounces (0.5 to 1 gram) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic tundra and alpine regions |
| Scientific Name | Bombus polaris |
| Place of Origin | Arctic Circle |
| Feeding Habits | Herbivorous, primarily nectar and pollen |
| What Sound They Make | Buzzing |
Fun Facts
- Arctic bumblebees can generate their heat by rapidly contracting their flight muscles.
- They are one of the few Arctic pollinators, helping maintain the fragile ecosystem.
- Arctic bumblebees can fly at lower temperatures than most other bee species, often active in near-freezing conditions.
19. Muskox
The muskox is a large, hairy mammal known for its thick coat and strong odor emitted during the breeding season.
It is well-adapted to the cold Arctic environment, with a coat that provides insulation against extreme temperatures.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Height | 4 to 5 feet (1.2 to 1.5 meters) at the shoulder |
| Weight | 500 to 800 pounds (225 to 360 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic tundra of North America and Greenland |
| Scientific Name | Ovibos moschatus |
| Place of Origin | Arctic regions |
| Feeding Habits | Herbivorous, primarily grasses, mosses, and willows |
| What Sound They Make | Grunts, roars, and snorts |
Fun Facts
- Muskoxen has a double layer of fur: a soft undercoat called qiviut, which is highly prized for its warmth, and a long, coarse outer layer.
- They form defensive circles when threatened, with their horns facing outward to protect against predators.
- Muskoxen are social animals, often found in herds of 10 to 20 individuals.
20. Arctic Woolly Bear Caterpillar
The Arctic woolly bear caterpillar is a species of moth caterpillar found in the Arctic.
It is famous for surviving extreme cold by freezing solid during winter and thawing in spring.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5 cm) |
| Weight | Light (not typically measured) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic tundra |
| Scientific Name | Gynaephora groenlandica |
| Place of Origin | Arctic regions |
| Feeding Habits | Herbivorous, feeding on Arctic plants and mosses |
| What Sound They Make | Silent species |
Fun Facts
- Arctic woolly bear caterpillars can survive temperatures as low as -58°F (-50°C) by producing cryoprotectants that prevent ice crystals from forming in their cells.
- They have one of the longest lifespans of any caterpillar, living up to 14 years due to their extremely slow development in the cold climate.
- These caterpillars only feed for a few weeks each summer, spending the rest of the year frozen in a state of suspended animation.
21. Leopard Seal
The leopard seal is a large and powerful Antarctic predator known for its spotted coat and fierce hunting skills.
While primarily found in the Southern Ocean, they occasionally venture into the northernmost parts of the Arctic.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 10 to 12 feet (3 to 3.7 meters) |
| Weight | 800 to 1,200 pounds (360 to 545 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Antarctic and occasionally Arctic waters |
| Scientific Name | Hydrurga leptonyx |
| Place of Origin | Antarctic region |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, mainly penguins, fish, and squid |
| What Sound They Make | Growls and roars |
Fun Facts
- Leopard seals are known for their powerful jaws, which can open as wide as 160 degrees.
- They are among the few seals that actively hunt warm-blooded prey, including penguins and other seals.
- Leopard seals have a fearsome reputation but are solitary animals, typically only coming together to mate.
22. Ross’s Gull
Ross’s gull is a small, delicate seabird found in the high Arctic. It is known for its graceful flight and distinctive pinkish hue during the breeding season.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 35 to 40 inches (89 to 102 cm) |
| Weight | 5.3 to 7 ounces (150 to 200 grams) |
| Region of Habitat | High Arctic regions of Canada, Greenland, and Russia |
| Scientific Name | Rhodostethia rosea |
| Place of Origin | Arctic Circle |
| Feeding Habits | Omnivorous, mainly insects, small fish, and crustaceans |
| What Sound They Make | High-pitched calls |
Fun Facts
- Ross’s gull is named after the British explorer James Clark Ross, who discovered the bird in 1823.
- During the breeding season, their underparts turn a faint pink, making them one of the few birds with such coloration.
- They are often seen in small flocks, skimming over the surface of Arctic waters.
23. Arctic Ground Squirrel
The Arctic ground squirrel is a small, burrowing mammal known for its remarkable ability to hibernate for long periods and survive the harsh Arctic winter.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 10 to 13 inches (25 to 33 cm) |
| Weight | 1.5 to 3 pounds (0.7 to 1.4 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic tundra and boreal forests |
| Scientific Name | Urocitellus parryii |
| Place of Origin | Arctic regions of North America |
| Feeding Habits | Omnivorous, eating plants, seeds, and small invertebrates |
| What Sound They Make | Whistles and chirps |
Fun Facts
- Arctic ground squirrels enter a state of hibernation where their body temperature drops below freezing, the lowest of any mammal.
- They are the only ground squirrels to live in the Arctic, where they construct extensive burrow systems.
- These squirrels play a key role in the Arctic ecosystem by aerating the soil and dispersing seeds.
24. Bearded Seal
The bearded seal is a large, thickset seal known for its distinctive whiskers, which it uses to detect prey on the seafloor.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 7 to 8.5 feet (2.1 to 2.6 meters) |
| Weight | 500 to 800 pounds (227 to 363 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas |
| Scientific Name | Erignathus barbatus |
| Place of Origin | Arctic Circle |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, primarily fish, clams, and squid |
| What Sound They Make | Whistles and moans |
Fun Facts
- Bearded seals use their sensitive whiskers to find food in the dark waters of the Arctic.
- They are one of the main prey species for polar bears and killer whales.
- Bearded seals are known for their loud, warbling songs, which can be heard over long distances underwater.
25. Ivory Gull
The ivory gull is a rare and elegant bird of the high Arctic. It is known for its striking appearance, which is reflected in its all-white plumage and black legs.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 39 to 43 inches (99 to 109 cm) |
| Weight | 15 to 19 ounces (420 to 540 grams) |
| Region of Habitat | High Arctic regions of Canada, Greenland, and Russia |
| Scientific Name | Pagophila eburnea |
| Place of Origin | Arctic Circle |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, feeding on fish, invertebrates, and carrion |
| What Sound They Make | Harsh cawing |
Fun Facts
- Ivory gulls are often seen following polar bears to scavenge on their kills.
- They are one of the few bird species in the high Arctic year-round.
- Their pristine white feathers provide excellent camouflage against the snowy landscape.
26. Arctic Cod
The Arctic cod is a small, cold-water fish that plays a vital role in the Arctic food web, serving as a primary food source for many larger animals.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 6 to 12 inches (15 to 30 cm) |
| Weight | 0.2 to 1 pound (0.1 to 0.5 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas |
| Scientific Name | Boreogadus saida |
| Place of Origin | Arctic regions |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, feeding on plankton, small fish, and invertebrates |
| What Sound They Make | Silent species |
Fun Facts
- Arctic cod can survive in freezing waters due to a special protein that acts as an antifreeze in their blood.
- They are a key species in the Arctic ecosystem, providing food for seals, whales, and seabirds.
- Arctic cod are often found near the edge of sea ice, where they find protection from predators.
27. King Eider
The king eider is a large sea duck known for its strikingly colorful plumage and distinctive orange bill.
During the breeding season, it is found in the Arctic.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 35 to 39 inches (89 to 99 cm) |
| Weight | 3.1 to 4.9 pounds (1.4 to 2.2 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic coasts and tundra |
| Scientific Name | Somateria spectabilis |
| Place of Origin | Arctic regions |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, primarily mollusks and crustaceans |
| What Sound They Make | Soft cooing and whistles |
Fun Facts
- King eiders can dive to depths of over 180 feet (55 meters) in search of food.
- Males are known for their colorful plumage, which they use to attract females during the breeding season.
- King eiders migrate long distances between their breeding and wintering grounds, often covering thousands of miles.
28. Thick-billed Murre
The thick-billed murre is a robust seabird found in the Arctic. It is known for its dense colonies and diving abilities.
It spends most of its life at sea, only coming to land to breed.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 26 to 28 inches (66 to 71 cm) |
| Weight | 1.1 to 2.2 pounds (0.5 to 1 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic coasts and islands |
| Scientific Name | Uria lomvia |
| Place of Origin | Arctic Circle |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, primarily fish and invertebrates |
| What Sound They Make | Harsh calls and croaks |
Fun Facts
- Thick-billed murres can dive to depths of over 600 feet (180 meters) for food.
- They nest on narrow cliff ledges, often in colonies with thousands of other murres.
- Despite their awkwardness on land, they are powerful and agile swimmers.
29. Arctic Shrew
The Arctic shrew is a small, insect-eating mammal found in the northern boreal forests and tundra.
It is known for its high metabolic rate and voracious appetite.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 3 to 5 inches (7.6 to 12.7 cm) |
| Weight | 0.1 to 0.3 ounces (3 to 8 grams) |
| Region of Habitat | Boreal forests and Arctic tundra |
| Scientific Name | Sorex arcticus |
| Place of Origin | Arctic regions of North America |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, primarily insects, worms, and small invertebrates |
| What Sound They Make | High-pitched squeaks |
Fun Facts
- Arctic shrews have an incredibly fast metabolism, requiring them to eat more than their body weight in food each day.
- They have a nasty bite, which they use to subdue prey larger than themselves.
- Arctic shrews are solitary and territorial, often aggressively defending their home ranges.
30. Snow Goose
The snow goose is a medium-sized waterfowl known for its migration in large flocks and striking white plumage.
These geese breed in the Arctic tundra and migrate to more temperate regions in winter, traveling thousands of miles yearly.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 4.5 to 5.5 feet (137 to 168 cm) |
| Weight | 4.5 to 7.5 pounds (2 to 3.4 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic tundra migrates to North America and Eurasia |
| Scientific Name | Anser caerulescens |
| Place of Origin | Arctic Circle |
| Feeding Habits | Herbivorous, primarily grasses, sedges, and grains |
| What Sound They Make | Loud honking |
Fun Facts
- Snow geese can form flocks numbering in the thousands during migration.
- They have two color morphs, white and blue, which can occur in the same family.
- Snow geese are known for their loud, continuous honking, especially during migration.
31. Arctic Skua
The Arctic skua, also known as the parasitic jaeger, is a medium-sized seabird known for its aggressive behavior.
It often steals food from other birds.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 41 to 48 inches (105 to 122 cm) |
| Weight | 1 to 1.6 pounds (450 to 720 grams) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic coasts and tundra |
| Scientific Name | Stercorarius parasiticus |
| Place of Origin | Arctic regions |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, primarily fish and other birds’ eggs |
| What Sound They Make | Shrill cries |
Fun Facts
- Arctic skuas are known for their kleptoparasitic behavior, chasing other birds until they drop their food.
- They are strong fliers capable of long migrations between the Arctic and southern oceans.
- Arctic skuas are aggressive defenders of their nesting sites, often attacking intruders much larger than themselves.
32. Arctic Lamprey
The Arctic lamprey is a jawless parasitic fish that latches onto other fish to feed on their blood and bodily fluids.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 10 to 24 inches (25 to 61 cm) |
| Weight | 0.2 to 0.5 pounds (0.1 to 0.2 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic rivers and coastal waters |
| Scientific Name | Lethenteron camtschaticum |
| Place of Origin | Arctic and subarctic regions |
| Feeding Habits | Parasitic, feeding on the blood of fish |
| What Sound They Make | Silent species |
Fun Facts
- Arctic lampreys have circular mouths filled with sharp, tooth-like structures for latching onto their prey.
- They undergo a lengthy larval stage, spending years buried in river sediments before maturing into parasitic adults.
- Despite their parasitic nature, Arctic lampreys are an important part of the Arctic food web as prey and predator.
33. Wolverine
The wolverine is a powerful and solitary carnivorous mammal known for its strength, ferocity, and ability to travel long distances across the Arctic tundra.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 26 to 42 inches (66 to 107 cm) |
| Weight | 24 to 40 pounds (11 to 18 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic tundra, boreal forests |
| Scientific Name | Gulo gulo |
| Place of Origin | Northern Hemisphere |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, feeding on small mammals, carrion, and birds |
| What Sound They Make | Growls, grunts, and snorts |
Fun Facts
- Wolverines are incredibly strong for their size and are known to take down prey much larger than themselves.
- They have large paws that act like snowshoes, helping them to move efficiently through deep snow.
- Wolverines are known for their fierce nature and will defend their food from much larger predators.
34. Common Eider
The common eider is a large sea duck known for its soft down feathers, which are harvested sustainably from their nests and used as insulation in clothing and bedding.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 36 to 44 inches (91 to 112 cm) |
| Weight | 3.1 to 6.6 pounds (1.4 to 3 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic coasts and islands |
| Scientific Name | Somateria mollissima |
| Place of Origin | Northern Hemisphere |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, primarily mollusks and crustaceans |
| What Sound They Make | Soft cooing calls |
Fun Facts
- Common eiders are known for their down feathers, among the best natural insulators available.
- They are strong divers, capable of reaching depths of up to 65 feet (20 meters) to forage for food.
- Eiders often form large flocks during the non-breeding season, sometimes numbering in the thousands.
35. Arctic Hare
The Arctic hare is a large, white-furred mammal adapted to the cold Arctic environment.
It is known for its ability to survive in harsh, snowy conditions and its camouflage abilities.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 19 to 26 inches (48 to 66 cm) |
| Weight | 6 to 15 pounds (2.7 to 7 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic tundra |
| Scientific Name | Lepus arcticus |
| Place of Origin | Arctic regions |
| Feeding Habits | Herbivorous, primarily woody plants, mosses, and lichens |
| What Sound They Make | Thumping and clicking noises |
Fun Facts
- Arctic hares can run up to 40 miles per hour (64 km/h) to escape predators.
- They often gather in groups to stay warm and increase their chances of spotting predators.
- In summer, their fur becomes blue-gray to blend with the rocky tundra.
36. Collared Lemming
The collared lemming is a small, burrowing rodent found in the Arctic tundra. It is known for its seasonal color change and as a primary food source for many Arctic predators.
Unlike other lemmings, they have a short tail and a distinctive black stripe across their back.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Length | 4 to 5 inches (10 to 13 cm) |
| Weight | 1 to 2 ounces (28 to 57 grams) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic tundra |
| Scientific Name | Dicrostonyx groenlandicus |
| Place of Origin | Arctic regions of North America and Greenland |
| Feeding Habits | Herbivorous, primarily grasses, mosses, and lichens |
| What Sound They Make | Squeaks and clicks |
Fun Facts
- Collared lemmings are unique among lemmings because their fur changes color from brown in the summer to white in the winter.
- They are known for their cyclic population booms, which can dramatically affect the number of predators in the region.
- Collared lemmings are well-adapted to cold climates, often living in caves beneath the snow.
37. Spectacled Eider
The spectacled eider is a large sea duck recognized for its distinctive white “spectacles” around its eyes. It breeds in the coastal tundra of Alaska and Siberia and spends winters in the Bering Sea.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 34 to 36 inches (86 to 91 cm) |
| Weight | 2.6 to 3.7 pounds (1.2 to 1.7 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Coastal tundra of Alaska and Siberia |
| Scientific Name | Somateria fischeri |
| Place of Origin | Arctic coasts |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, primarily mollusks and crustaceans |
| What Sound They Make | Low-pitched calls |
Fun Facts
- Spectacled eiders are named for the white rings around their eyes, which resemble spectacles.
- They are known to congregate in large flocks during the winter, with thousands of birds gathering on sea ice.
- Spectacled eiders dive to the seafloor to feed on clams, which comprise most of their diet.
38. Northern Fulmar
The northern fulmar is a seabird that resembles a small gull but is more closely related to petrels. It is found throughout the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, where it nests on cliffs.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 40 to 44 inches (102 to 112 cm) |
| Weight | 1.1 to 2.2 pounds (0.5 to 1 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans |
| Scientific Name | Fulmarus glacialis |
| Place of Origin | Northern Hemisphere |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, primarily fish, squid, and zooplankton |
| What Sound They Make | Grating calls and grunts |
Fun Facts
- Northern fulmars are known for their tube-shaped nostrils, which are used to excrete excess salt from their diet of seawater.
- They are long-lived birds, with some individuals reaching over 40.
- Fulmars are notorious for their defensive behavior, spitting foul-smelling oil at predators or intruders.
39. Glaucous Gull
The glaucous gull is a large, pale gull found in the Arctic and subarctic regions.
It is known for its robust size and scavenging behavior, often feeding on carrion and waste.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 55 to 65 inches (140 to 165 cm) |
| Weight | 2.6 to 4.6 pounds (1.2 to 2.1 kg) |
| Region of Habitat | Arctic and subarctic coasts |
| Scientific Name | Larus hyperboreus |
| Place of Origin | Northern Hemisphere |
| Feeding Habits | Omnivorous, feeding on fish, invertebrates, and carrion |
| What Sound They Make | Loud, harsh calls |
Fun Facts
- Glaucous gulls are among the largest gull species, with wingspan exceeding 5 feet.
- They are opportunistic feeders, often seen following polar bears to scavenge on their kills.
- Glaucous gulls are known for their aggressive behavior, particularly when defending their nests.
40. Boreal Owl
The boreal owl is a small, nocturnal owl found in the boreal forests of the Arctic.
It is known for its distinctive white facial disk and yellow eyes, which give it a curious appearance.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 21 to 24 inches (53 to 61 cm) |
| Weight | 3.3 to 7 ounces (93 to 200 grams) |
| Region of Habitat | Boreal forests of North America and Eurasia |
| Scientific Name | Aegolius funereus |
| Place of Origin | Boreal and Arctic regions |
| Feeding Habits | Carnivorous, primarily small mammals and birds |
| What Sound They Make | Series of whistles and hoots |
Fun Facts
- Boreal owls are solitary and elusive, often unnoticed despite their wide distribution.
- They are well-adapted to cold climates, with thick plumage that helps insulate them from the cold.
- Boreal owls can catch prey in complete darkness, thanks to their excellent hearing and vision.
41. Arctic Warbler
The Arctic warbler is a small, insectivorous bird that breeds in the boreal forests and tundra of the Arctic.
It is known for its rapid, trilling song and its extensive migration to Southeast Asia during the winter.
| Metric | Measurement |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 7.5 to 8.5 inches (19 to 22 cm) |
| Weight | 0.3 to 0.4 ounces (9 to 12 grams) |
| Region of Habitat | Boreal forests and Arctic tundra |
| Scientific Name | Phylloscopus borealis |
| Place of Origin | Arctic regions |
| Feeding Habits | Insectivorous, primarily insects and spiders |
| What Sound They Make | Rapid, trilling song |
Fun Facts
- Arctic warblers are long-distance migrants, traveling thousands of miles from their Arctic breeding grounds to wintering Southeast Asian areas.
- They are known for their distinctive, rapid trilling song, often heard in their breeding territories.
- Despite their small size, Arctic warblers are hardy birds capable of thriving in harsh Arctic conditions.
Conclusion
From the powerful polar bear to the tiny lemming, these creatures showcase the wonders of nature’s resilience in one of the harshest environments on Earth.
Understanding Arctic wildlife isn’t just about satisfying our curiosity. It’s crucial to appreciate the delicate balance of our planet’s ecosystems and the impact of climate change on these vulnerable species.
I hope this journey through the Arctic has sparked your interest in these amazing animals. Why not take your newfound knowledge further?
Consider supporting Arctic conservation efforts or planning a responsible wildlife tour to see these magnificent creatures in person.
Let’s work together to ensure these iconic Arctic animals thrive for generations.
